| | 2021 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Interest on employee benefits | -20 | -39 |
| Interest on derivatives | -253 | -198 |
| Interest owed to banks | -38 | -44 |
| Interest on subordinated liabilities | -44 | -44 |
| Interest on borrowings | -1 | -1 |
| Other interest expenses | -6 | -5 |
| | | |
| Total interest expense | -362 | -331 |
Included within interest owed to banks is an amount of € 31 million (2020: € 32 million) relating to negative interest paid on cash and cash equivalents.
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